一、總體要求

堅持(chi)預(yu)防(fang)為主、綜(zong)合治理、分(fen)類指導、分(fen)區施策(ce)、節本增(zeng)效(xiao)原則(ze)，深(shen)入開展農藥使用量零增(zeng)長行動(dong)，前移(yi)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)關口，以合理布局抗(kang)病(bing)品種、優化(hua)農業防(fang)控(kong)(kong)措施為基礎，以小麥秋播藥劑拌種或(huo)種子包衣(yi)為重點，有效(xiao)預(yu)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)紋枯病(bing)、孢囊線蟲(chong)、黑穗病(bing)等土傳(chuan)、種傳(chuan)病(bing)蟲(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)危(wei)害(hai)，壓低小麥蚜蟲(chong)、條銹病(bing)、赤霉病(bing)等遷(qian)飛性(xing)、流行性(xing)病(bing)蟲(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)基數，延緩、減(jian)輕(qing)小麥苗期病(bing)蟲(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)危(wei)害(hai)程度，為小麥全生(sheng)育期病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)工作打好基礎。

二、區域重點

各小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)產區要根據近年病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發生危害(hai)特(te)點(dian)，確定(ding)重點(dian)防(fang)(fang)控的(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。黃淮海麥(mai)(mai)區以(yi)紋枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、根腐病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、全(quan)蝕病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、黑穗(sui)(sui)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、孢囊線蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、黃花葉病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、地下(xia)(xia)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)雜草(cao)為(wei)主，兼(jian)治苗期(qi)銹病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)灰飛虱等(deng)(deng)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)；長江中下(xia)(xia)游麥(mai)(mai)區以(yi)紋枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、黑穗(sui)(sui)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，兼(jian)治灰飛虱、白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)地下(xia)(xia)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)；西南(nan)麥(mai)(mai)區以(yi)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)條銹病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)為(wei)主，兼(jian)顧(gu)白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、麥(mai)(mai)蚜、麥(mai)(mai)蜘蛛和(he)地下(xia)(xia)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng)防(fang)(fang)治；西北麥(mai)(mai)區以(yi)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)條銹病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、腥黑穗(sui)(sui)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)地下(xia)(xia)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng)為(wei)主要防(fang)(fang)治對象，新疆麥(mai)(mai)區需兼(jian)顧(gu)雪腐葉枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)防(fang)(fang)控。

三、防控技術

（一）選用抗（耐）性品種。西(xi)南(nan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)區(qu)(qu)可(ke)選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)綿(mian)雜麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)168、綿(mian)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)37、綿(mian)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)39、綿(mian)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)41、綿(mian)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)43、綿(mian)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)45、川(chuan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)42、川(chuan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)18、西(xi)科(ke)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)2號(hao)(hao)(hao)、鄂麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)18號(hao)(hao)(hao)、云麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)2號(hao)(hao)(hao)、黔麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)15、周(zhou)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)17、皖麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)53等(deng)(deng)抗(kang)病(bing)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；黃(huang)淮(huai)南(nan)部麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)區(qu)(qu)可(ke)選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)周(zhou)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)17、豫(yu)(yu)(yu)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)34、豫(yu)(yu)(yu)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)49、豫(yu)(yu)(yu)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)69、新(xin)(xin)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)19、西(xi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)979、小偃(yan)6號(hao)(hao)(hao)等(deng)(deng)抗(kang)銹(xiu)慢銹(xiu)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；西(xi)北麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)區(qu)(qu)可(ke)選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)889、西(xi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)558、西(xi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)529、閻麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)9710、西(xi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)668、陜墾(ken)6號(hao)(hao)(hao)、天選(xuan)54、天選(xuan)57、天選(xuan)58、中梁(liang)(liang)32、中梁(liang)(liang)34、中梁(liang)(liang)35、寧春(chun)(chun)(chun)4號(hao)(hao)(hao)、寧春(chun)(chun)(chun)15號(hao)(hao)(hao)、寧春(chun)(chun)(chun)16、伊(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)18、伊(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)61、新(xin)(xin)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)2等(deng)(deng)抗(kang)（耐）銹(xiu)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。西(xi)南(nan)、黃(huang)淮(huai)南(nan)部、西(xi)北等(deng)(deng)條銹(xiu)病(bing)常(chang)年越冬、越夏區(qu)(qu)，應因地(di)制宜(yi)選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)優(you)質抗(kang)病(bing)高(gao)產品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。長(chang)江(jiang)中下(xia)游、江(jiang)淮(huai)、黃(huang)淮(huai)南(nan)部等(deng)(deng)赤霉(mei)病(bing)常(chang)發(fa)區(qu)(qu)，應選(xuan)擇適(shi)宜(yi)當地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)(de)具有(you)一定抗(kang)（耐）病(bing)性(xing)的(de)(de)高(gao)產優(you)質品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，避免(mian)盲目(mu)跨區(qu)(qu)域(yu)引種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)產感(gan)病(bing)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。黃(huang)淮(huai)孢囊(nang)線蟲(chong)重發(fa)區(qu)(qu)，可(ke)選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)太空6號(hao)(hao)(hao)、中育6號(hao)(hao)(hao)、新(xin)(xin)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)11等(deng)(deng)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；小麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)黃(huang)花葉病(bing)發(fa)生區(qu)(qu)，可(ke)選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)(xin)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)208、豫(yu)(yu)(yu)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)70-36、泛麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)5號(hao)(hao)(hao)、豫(yu)(yu)(yu)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)70、鄭麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)366等(deng)(deng)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

（二）強化農業防治措施。推行精細整地、適墑適期適量播種，以及播后鎮壓和及時灌溉等農藝措施，力爭一播全苗、壯苗，增強植株抗病蟲能力。長江中下游、江淮、黃淮南部等赤霉病常發區，推行秸稈粉碎、深翻還田，盡量避免玉米、水稻等作物秸稈裸露在土壤表層，壓低菌源基數，減輕抽穗揚花期防控壓力；西北條銹病越夏區，播前或播后苗前，應采取人工鏟除或噴施除草劑等，清除自生麥苗和地邊雜草，降低秋苗侵染幾率；西南、黃淮南部等條銹病越冬區，推行適期晚播，盡可能縮短秋季病菌感染時間，較少初始侵染菌源；江淮、黃淮等紋枯病重發區，應避免早播，適當降低播種量，及時清除田間雜草，雨后及時排水。黃淮胞囊線蟲重發區，應重點推廣播種后和秋苗期兩次鎮壓措施。

（三）大力推廣秋播藥劑拌種。土傳病(bing)害重發區(qu)，采(cai)用戊唑(zuo)醇(chun)、苯(ben)醚甲(jia)環唑(zuo)、咯菌腈(jing)、苯(ben)醚·咯菌腈(jing)等(deng)(deng)包衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)或(huo)拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，防治(zhi)根腐病(bing)、紋(wen)枯病(bing)、全(quan)蝕(shi)病(bing)等(deng)(deng)，兼治(zhi)苗(miao)期黑穗病(bing)等(deng)(deng)。地下(xia)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)重發區(qu)，采(cai)用辛硫磷、毒死(si)蜱(pi)拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，或(huo)吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)懸(xuan)(xuan)浮種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)劑(ji)包衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，防治(zhi)金針蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、蠐螬、螻蛄(gu)等(deng)(deng)地下(xia)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，兼治(zhi)孢囊線蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、苗(miao)期蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、麥蜘蛛等(deng)(deng)。條銹病(bing)越夏(xia)、越冬區(qu)，實行(xing)三(san)唑(zuo)酮(tong)、戊唑(zuo)醇(chun)等(deng)(deng)藥劑(ji)包衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)或(huo)拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，預(yu)防苗(miao)期條銹病(bing)、白粉病(bing)，兼治(zhi)后期黑穗病(bing)。全(quan)蝕(shi)病(bing)發生區(qu)，采(cai)用苯(ben)醚甲(jia)環唑(zuo)懸(xuan)(xuan)浮種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)劑(ji)和(he)(he)硅噻菌胺（全(quan)蝕(shi)凈）懸(xuan)(xuan)浮劑(ji)包衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。此外，多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)害和(he)(he)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)混合發生區(qu)，根據當地主要病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類，可采(cai)用相應的(de)殺菌劑(ji)、殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)復配進行(xing)包衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)或(huo)拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，復配劑(ji)中各單劑(ji)的(de)有效成分應與單獨使用時大致(zhi)相同。

四、防控措施

（一）及早部署安排。各(ge)冬麥(mai)區(qu)要充分認(ren)識做好(hao)小麥(mai)秋播病蟲害防控(kong)(kong)工作(zuo)的作(zuo)用和意義，要及早安排部署小麥(mai)秋播病蟲防控(kong)(kong)工作(zuo)，強化(hua)責任落(luo)實，加大(da)政策扶持，科學(xue)制(zhi)定方案(an)，細化(hua)工作(zuo)措施，做到統(tong)一(yi)發動、統(tong)一(yi)組織(zhi)、統(tong)一(yi)實施，確保(bao)各(ge)項工作(zuo)有(you)力有(you)序(xu)開(kai)展。

（二）精準指導服務。各級農業部門(men)要(yao)組織專家制定(ding)技術方案，全面分(fen)析當地土傳、種傳病蟲(chong)和(he)苗(miao)期(qi)病蟲(chong)發生情況，確(que)定(ding)小麥(mai)(mai)播種期(qi)重(zhong)點防(fang)控(kong)對象(xiang)，做(zuo)好藥劑、拌種設備和(he)防(fang)控(kong)機械(xie)余缺調劑，指導農民科學防(fang)控(kong)。在冬小麥(mai)(mai)秋播關鍵時期(qi)組派精干(gan)力量深入生產一線，采(cai)取蹲(dun)點包(bao)片、進村入戶等形(xing)式，“面對面”、“手(shou)把(ba)手(shou)”開展技術培(pei)訓(xun)和(he)指導服務，確(que)保防(fang)控(kong)技術措施(shi)落實到田。

（三）推進統防統治。各地應充分發揮(hui)專業化(hua)農作物病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)治服務組(zu)(zu)織的(de)積極作用，大力(li)推行(xing)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)組(zu)(zu)織發動(dong)、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)技術方(fang)案、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)藥(yao)劑供應、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)施藥(yao)時間、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)行(xing)動(dong)“五統(tong)一(yi)(yi)”防(fang)控(kong)(kong)，切(qie)實提高防(fang)控(kong)(kong)組(zu)(zu)織化(hua)程度，全面提高防(fang)控(kong)(kong)效(xiao)果(guo)、效(xiao)率和(he)效(xiao)益。

（四）強化宣傳引導。充分利用電視(shi)、廣播、報刊等宣傳媒體聯系，大(da)力(li)宣講小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)秋播藥劑拌(ban)種防(fang)控(kong)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)的意義(yi)和(he)效果，普及防(fang)控(kong)技術(shu)，總結(jie)宣傳好(hao)經驗、好(hao)做法、好(hao)典型，為(wei)做好(hao)病(bing)蟲(chong)防(fang)控(kong)工(gong)作(zuo)營造良好(hao)的輿論氛圍。同時，加(jia)強秋播進展(zhan)及藥劑拌(ban)種相(xiang)關信息報送，促進秋冬(dong)季(ji)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)病(bing)蟲(chong)防(fang)治工(gong)作(zuo)順利開展(zhan)。