昆(kun)侖(lun)14 號(hao)是青海省(sheng)農林科(ke)學院(yuan)作物(wu)所選育(yu)的(de)青稞優良新品種(zhong)，原(yuan)代(dai)號(hao)09YN-13，大麥(mai)屬變種(zhong)。2013 年 12 月4 日通過青海省(sheng)農作物(wu)品種(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)委員會審(shen)定(ding)，定(ding)名(ming)為昆(kun)侖(lun)14 號(hao)。該品種(zhong)具有生育(yu)期短、品質(zhi)優良、植株矮抗(kang)倒(dao)伏、中抗(kang)條(tiao)紋病(bing)和云(yun)紋病(bing)、豐(feng)產(chan)性(xing)好、適應廣等(deng)特點(dian)。

1　選育經過

2007 年(nian)(nian)以優良青稞(ke)白91-97-3 為(wei)母(mu)本(ben)、優質(zhi)青稞(ke)品(pin)種昆侖12 號(hao)為(wei)父(fu)本(ben)，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)有性雜交。2007 年(nian)(nian)冬季在(zai)云南(nan)元謀(mou)(mou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)混選(xuan)，2008 年(nian)(nian)在(zai)西寧進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)穗選(xuan)，2008 年(nian)(nian)冬季在(zai)云南(nan)元謀(mou)(mou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)穗選(xuan)，2009 年(nian)(nian)在(zai)青海西寧進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)株選(xuan)，2009 年(nian)(nian)冬季在(zai)云南(nan)元謀(mou)(mou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)株系選(xuan)擇，代號(hao)為(wei)09YN-04。2010 年(nian)(nian)夏季在(zai)西寧進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)品(pin)系比較試驗(yan)，2011-2012 年(nian)(nian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)全省(sheng)青稞(ke)區域試驗(yan)，2012-2013 年(nian)(nian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)全省(sheng)青稞(ke)生產試驗(yan)。

2　特征特性

2.1　農(nong)藝性(xing)狀　昆侖14 號在適宜種植區生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)(qi)106d 左右，春性(xing)，中早熟。播(bo)種至出苗20±3d，期(qi)(qi)間(jian)≥ 0℃ 積溫(wen)(wen)134.31±4.22℃ ；出苗至抽(chou)穗56±2d，期(qi)(qi)間(jian)≥ 0℃ 積溫(wen)(wen)518.32±6.21℃ ；抽(chou)穗至成熟50±3d，期(qi)(qi)間(jian)≥ 0℃ 積溫(wen)(wen)825.00±6.32℃ ；生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)(qi)106±3d，期(qi)(qi)間(jian)≥ 0℃積溫(wen)(wen) 1343.32±19.41℃，全生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)(qi)126±3d，期(qi)(qi)間(jian)≥ 0℃積溫(wen)(wen) 1477.63±17.28℃。昆侖14 號適合(he)于高位水地，柴(chai)達木綠(lv)洲灌溉農(nong)業區、高寒冷涼山旱(han)地種植。

2.2　品質表現　昆侖14 號經中國科學院西北高原生(sheng)物研究所(suo)分析化驗中心分析檢測(ce)，蛋白(bai)質11.08%，總(zong)淀(dian)粉54.98%，β- 葡(pu)聚糖4.16%，直鏈淀(dian)粉占總(zong)淀(dian)粉的 20.6%，支(zhi)鏈淀(dian)粉占總(zong)淀(dian)粉的79.4% ；天門(men)冬氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)ASP 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei) 0.598%、絲氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)SER 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1.497%、谷氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)GLU 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.535%、甘氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)GLY 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.306%、組氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)HIS 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.501%、精(jing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan) ARG 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.500%、蘇(su)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)THR 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1.193%、丙氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)ALA 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.441%、脯氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)PRO 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.736%、半(ban)胱氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)CYS 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei) 0.647%、酪氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)TYR 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.211%、纈氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)VAL 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.047%、甲硫氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)MET 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.518%、賴氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)LYS 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.657%、異亮(liang)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)ILE 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.715%、亮(liang)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)LEU 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.298%、苯丙氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan) PHE 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.210%。17 種氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)總(zong)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10.95%。

2.3　抗(kang)性表現　昆侖14 號(hao)耐旱、耐寒、耐濕、耐鹽堿性中，抗(kang)倒伏性強，不易落粒。屬中稈型，株高(gao) 100~110cm，抗(kang)倒伏性好(hao)。中抗(kang)青(qing)(qing)稞條(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)病、云(yun)紋(wen)(wen)病： 2013 年(nian)在海(hai)北州門源縣、海(hai)晏縣種(zhong)植條(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)病發(fa)病率(lv)(lv)為(wei) 0，對(dui)照品(pin)種(zhong)柴青(qing)(qing)1 號(hao)、北青(qing)(qing)6 號(hao)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)發(fa)病率(lv)(lv)分別為(wei)0、 0.43% ；云(yun)紋(wen)(wen)病平(ping)均(jun)(jun)發(fa)病率(lv)(lv)為(wei)3.06%，對(dui)照品(pin)種(zhong)柴青(qing)(qing)1 號(hao)、北青(qing)(qing)6 號(hao)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)發(fa)病率(lv)(lv)分別為(wei)8.87%、6.67%。

3　產量表現

2011 年(nian)(nian)青(qing)(qing)(qing)海省青(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)區(qu)域試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中每hm2 平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang) 43.17kg，居第(di)3 位(wei)(wei)，比對照(zhao)品(pin)種(zhong)柴青(qing)(qing)(qing)1 號(hao)減產(chan)(chan)(chan)0.85%（8 個(ge)試(shi)(shi)點試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)數據進(jin)行的聯合方差分析結果顯示，其產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)與(yu)對照(zhao)品(pin)種(zhong)柴青(qing)(qing)(qing)1 號(hao)相比差異不顯著）；2012 年(nian)(nian)全省青(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)區(qu)域試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)49.75kg，居第(di)1 位(wei)(wei)，比對照(zhao)1 柴青(qing)(qing)(qing)1 號(hao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)17.79%，比對照(zhao)2 北青(qing)(qing)(qing)6 號(hao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)54.12% ；2012 年(nian)(nian)青(qing)(qing)(qing)海省青(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)42.76kg，居第(di)2 位(wei)(wei)，分別比對照(zhao)品(pin)種(zhong)柴青(qing)(qing)(qing)1 號(hao)、北青(qing)(qing)(qing)6 號(hao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)17.47%、31.35% ；2013 年(nian)(nian)青(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)43.09kg，居第(di)2 位(wei)(wei)，分別比對照(zhao)品(pin)種(zhong)柴青(qing)(qing)(qing)1 號(hao)、北青(qing)(qing)(qing)6 號(hao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)6.30%、37.13%。2013 年(nian)(nian)在青(qing)(qing)(qing)海省都蘭縣巴(ba)隆鄉示范種(zhong)植2.82hm2，經(jing)專家組驗(yan)收，每hm2 實收78.25kg（理論產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)80.91kg）。

4　栽培技術要點

該(gai)品種(zhong)忌連作，秋深翻，每hm2 施農(nong)家肥 22500~30000kg，播前施純(chun)氮68~90kg、五氧(yang)化(hua)二(er)磷(lin) 60~83kg。3 月中下旬至(zhi)4 月上旬播種(zhong)，條播，播深 4~6.5cm。每hm2 播量225~300kg，保(bao)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)330 萬~360 萬株，保(bao)穗360 萬~420 萬穗，青稞出苗(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)要及時查苗(miao)(miao)(miao)補(bu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)，疏密補(bu)缺。破除(chu)板結，達(da)到勻(yun)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、全苗(miao)(miao)(miao)，為(wei)壯(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)奠(dian)定基礎。3 葉期(qi)(qi)結合松土、除(chu)草，除(chu)人(ren)工鋤草外(wai)，還(huan)采用(yong)化(hua)學方法鋤草，其中2，4-D 丁(ding)酯應(ying)用(yong)最(zui)廣。一般在青稞分蘗(bo)期(qi)(qi)噴(pen)撒2，4-D 丁(ding)酯0.01kg/hm2，兌水 30~40kg。視苗(miao)(miao)(miao)情追(zhui)施純(chun)氮18~30kg/hm2，有灌溉條件的地方及時澆水。孕(yun)穗期(qi)(qi)至(zhi)抽穗期(qi)(qi)葉面(mian)噴(pen)施1~2 次 0.3％濃(nong)度的磷(lin)酸二(er)氫鉀溶(rong)液，當全田(tian)90% 的穗轉黃后(hou)及時收獲。