1.金蕎麥種植技術之選地、整地

金(jin)蕎(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)在紅(hong)壤、紅(hong)棕壤、黃(huang)棕壤及(ji)紫(zi)色土(tu)(tu)、石(shi)灰石(shi)、沖積土(tu)(tu)中都可(ke)(ke)以生長發育，但在土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)肥沃(wo)的(de)腐殖質(zhi)土(tu)(tu)和弱堿性壤土(tu)(tu)中長勢更好(hao)(hao)。由于(yu)金(jin)蕎(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)子葉(xie)大，頂土(tu)(tu)能力差，所以要(yao)選(xuan)擇排水良好(hao)(hao)、地勢高、肥沃(wo)疏松的(de)砂壤土(tu)(tu)土(tu)(tu)地。整(zheng)地在播種或栽插前10~15天的(de)進行，一般耕(geng)深30～60 cm。通過(guo)翻耕(geng)土(tu)(tu)地，疏松耕(geng)層和平整(zheng)土(tu)(tu)面(mian)，提高土(tu)(tu)壤溫度，促進有(you)機質(zhi)分(fen)(fen)解和養分(fen)(fen)釋放，為金(jin)蕎(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)種子的(de)發芽(ya)創造條件，有(you)利于(yu)全苗壯苗，同時(shi)能最(zui)大限度地誘發和消滅(mie)雜草(cao)幼苗，強化(hua)土(tu)(tu)壤有(you)益(yi)微(wei)生物的(de)活(huo)動(dong)。整(zheng)地時(shi)可(ke)(ke)將底肥一并施入，每667 m2施鈣鎂(mei)磷肥(含(han)P2O515%)60 kg，氯化(hua)鉀(含(han)K2O60%)20 kg，農家肥2500～3500 kg。

2.金蕎麥種植技術之播種或栽插

金(jin)蕎(qiao)麥(mai)可以采用有(you)性繁殖（種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)）和(he)無(wu)性繁殖（插條、芽苞、根莖）方式(shi)。以種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)繁殖時，先要(yao)(yao)進行(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處(chu)理(li)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處(chu)理(li)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)藥劑拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)幾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法，它是金(jin)蕎(qiao)麥(mai)栽培(pei)中的(de)重要(yao)(yao)技術(shu)措(cuo)施，對于提高(gao)金(jin)蕎(qiao)麥(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質量、全苗壯苗奠(dian)定豐產(chan)作用很(hen)大。在(zai)收獲種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)為主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)目(mu)(mu)的(de)時，播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前用0.1～0.5%的(de)硼酸溶液或5～10%的(de)草木(mu)灰(hui)浸(jin)出(chu)液浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),能獲得良好的(de)增產(chan)效(xiao)果(guo)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)4月中下旬，播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法有(you)條播(bo)、撒播(bo)和(he)點(dian)播(bo)三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。不管那種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方式(shi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，都要(yao)(yao)根據收獲的(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)控(kong)制好播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量。

3.金蕎麥種植技術之田管管理

金蕎(qiao)麥(mai)第一片(pian)真(zhen)葉出現后(hou)進行中耕除草。中耕有(you)(you)疏(shu)松(song)土(tu)壤、增加土(tu)壤通透性、蓄(xu)水(shui)保墑(di)、提(ti)高地溫、促進幼(you)苗生(sheng)長的作(zuo)用(yong)，也有(you)(you)除草增肥之效。中耕除草次數(shu)和(he)時(shi)間根據地區、土(tu)壤、苗情及(ji)雜草多少而定，一般(ban)2~3次。中耕的同時(shi)可進行疏(shu)苗和(he)間苗，提(ti)高植(zhi)株的整齊度。在(zai)苗高50~60cm左右(you)或開花(hua)(hua)前(qian)應(ying)追(zhui)施(shi)化肥1次．用(yong)量(liang)一般(ban)以(yi)10~15 kg／667 m2為宜。如(ru)果要想(xiang)提(ti)高金蕎(qiao)麥(mai)種子的產量(liang)，則(ze)還要增施(shi)磷(lin)鉀肥，以(yi)有(you)(you)利于植(zhi)株的生(sheng)殖生(sheng)長，增加花(hua)(hua)序數(shu)量(liang)。施(shi)用(yong)磷(lin)肥（P2O5）按20kg／667m2施(shi)用(yong)。在(zai)金蕎(qiao)麥(mai)生(sheng)長季(ji)節，除了利用(yong)自然降水(shui)外(wai)，如(ru)遇干旱，應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)灌水(shui)以(yi)滿足(zu)金蕎(qiao)麥(mai)的需水(shui)要求(qiu)。在(zai)地勢低(di)洼和(he)多雨的地方，要注意(yi)開溝，及(ji)時(shi)排水(shui)。

4.金蕎麥種植技術之輔助授粉

金(jin)(jin)蕎(qiao)麥為(wei)異花(hua)授(shou)粉(fen)植物，蟲媒(mei)花(hua)，結實率較低。在(zai)(zai)以收獲種(zhong)子為(wei)目的時，提高金(jin)(jin)蕎(qiao)麥結實率較好的辦法是輔助(zhu)授(shou)粉(fen)。可采用蜜(mi)蜂輔助(zhu)授(shou)粉(fen)或人工輔助(zhu)授(shou)粉(fen)二種(zhong)方式。蜜(mi)蜂輔助(zhu)授(shou)粉(fen)在(zai)(zai)金(jin)(jin)蕎(qiao)麥盛(sheng)花(hua)期(qi)進行，在(zai)(zai)開花(hua)前2~3 d，每1000~2000 m2放置蜜(mi)蜂1箱(xiang)。人工輔助(zhu)授(shou)粉(fen)是于盛(sheng)花(hua)期(qi)，每隔(ge)2~3 d，于上午9~11時用一(yi)塊長度與田(tian)塊適宜，0.5 m寬的布(bu)，兩(liang)人各執一(yi)端(duan)，沿金(jin)(jin)蕎(qiao)麥頂部輕輕拉過，搖(yao)動植株，輔助(zhu)授(shou)粉(fen)。

5.金蕎麥種植技術之病蟲害防治

危(wei)害金(jin)蕎麥(mai)的主(zhu)要(yao)害蟲是鉤剌蛾、粘蟲、蚜蟲等。治(zhi)療上可采用藥劑進(jin)(jin)行(xing)噴(pen)(pen)殺。在蟲害發生期用40％樂果乳劑1500倍(bei)液或(huo)80％敵敵畏乳劑1500倍(bei)液進(jin)(jin)行(xing)噴(pen)(pen)殺。病(bing)毒(du)病(bing)主(zhu)要(yao)危(wei)害葉片，被害葉片呈(cheng)花葉狀或(huo)卷曲皺(zhou)縮。防治(zhi)上一是加強無(wu)病(bing)株留種(zhong)，也可對種(zhong)子播前進(jin)(jin)行(xing)處理，鈍化(hua)病(bing)毒(du)；二是防治(zhi)介(jie)體，拔(ba)除病(bing)枝、清除田間雜草等，以減少田間侵染來源。

6.金蕎麥種植技術之采收

若以(yi)(yi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)根(gen)莖(jing)(jing)為目的時(shi)，一般地(di)上部(bu)分(fen)枯萎(霜凍)前(qian)(qian)是根(gen)、莖(jing)(jing)、葉(xie)(xie)中干(gan)物質(zhi)積(ji)累的高峰期。可在(zai)(zai)秋、冬季(ji)地(di)上莖(jing)(jing)葉(xie)(xie)枯萎時(shi)割(ge)去莖(jing)(jing)葉(xie)(xie)采(cai)挖，去凈泥土，將部(bu)分(fen)健壯、無病害的根(gen)莖(jing)(jing)取(qu)出留種(zhong)，其它加工(gong)入(ru)藥。若采(cai)收(shou)(shou)金(jin)(jin)蕎麥(mai)(mai)(mai)的地(di)上部(bu)分(fen)，宜在(zai)(zai)結實期前(qian)(qian)進行，可將主(zhu)莖(jing)(jing)保留，分(fen)枝割(ge)下利用(yong)。此期金(jin)(jin)蕎麥(mai)(mai)(mai)生長旺盛，再生能(neng)力強，采(cai)割(ge)后(hou)可迅速(su)再生。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)種(zhong)子時(shi)，由于(yu)金(jin)(jin)蕎麥(mai)(mai)(mai)落粒性很(hen)強，邊成熟邊落粒，故可在(zai)(zai)植株(zhu)下部(bu)安置一紗(sha)網，用(yong)以(yi)(yi)收(shou)(shou)集金(jin)(jin)蕎麥(mai)(mai)(mai)種(zhong)子。

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