注意品種的抗逆性

抗(kang)逆性(xing)(xing)通俗一點講就是品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對自然環境，氣候條件的(de)(de)適應(ying)性(xing)(xing)和(he)抗(kang)性(xing)(xing)，具體(ti)(ti)到田間表現就是抗(kang)病性(xing)(xing)、抗(kang)倒性(xing)(xing)、抗(kang)旱性(xing)(xing)、抗(kang)蟲(chong)性(xing)(xing)、耐寒(han)性(xing)(xing)等。在相同條件下，在正常年份，可能都(dou)豐收，但是在特(te)定(ding)年份，體(ti)(ti)現各(ge)方面抗(kang)性(xing)(xing)指標(biao)比較好的(de)(de)，那就是品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)抗(kang)逆性(xing)(xing)比較強(qiang)。近幾(ji)年，新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)井噴式發展，連續做過幾(ji)年試驗的(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)很少，經銷商(shang)在選(xuan)擇經銷品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時不要(yao)盲(mang)目相信宣傳(chuan)，不要(yao)光聽產量的(de)(de)數據，要(yao)注重品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)抗(kang)性(xing)(xing)，選(xuan)擇適合(he)自己區(qu)域的(de)(de)優良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

注重種子的核心質量

我國種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質(zhi)量的指標(biao)主(zhu)要(yao)包括種(zhong)(zhong)類純(chun)度(du)(du)(du)、種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)凈度(du)(du)(du)、發芽率和(he)水(shui)分四項(xiang)。包裝袋表(biao)面直觀可以看(kan)到的是凈度(du)(du)(du)，通過(guo)簡單實驗可以了解芽率和(he)水(shui)分，而純(chun)度(du)(du)(du)卻最(zui)重要(yao)，對(dui)產(chan)量十分關(guan)鍵。新的種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質(zhi)量標(biao)準是：原種(zhong)(zhong)純(chun)度(du)(du)(du)最(zui)低(di)(di)要(yao)求99%，凈度(du)(du)(du)最(zui)低(di)(di)要(yao)求99%，發芽率最(zui)低(di)(di)要(yao)求80%，水(shui)分含量不(bu)高于(yu)12%；良種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)純(chun)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)低(di)(di)于(yu)95%，凈度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)低(di)(di)于(yu)99%，發芽率不(bu)低(di)(di)于(yu)80%，水(shui)分含量不(bu)高于(yu)12%。

穩產比高產更重要

購(gou)種時一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)擇正(zheng)規廠家生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)，當年的(de)新種子，選(xuan)品(pin)種的(de)時候(hou)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)過(guo)于追求(qiu)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，而應該強調(diao)穩(wen)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。事實也不(bu)斷證明，穩(wen)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)遠比(bi)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)更重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)。我(wo)國的(de)審(shen)定(ding)(ding)標(biao)準此前一(yi)直是(shi)以增產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)數據為主要(yao)(yao)依據，而大(da)田種植，不(bu)僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量數據決定(ding)(ding)是(shi)否增產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，適應性(xing)強，抗(kang)(kang)逆性(xing)強，表現(xian)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)，才是(shi)豐收的(de)關鍵。有些(xie)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)種的(de)種子資源(yuan)本身也存在抗(kang)(kang)性(xing)問題。因此，在大(da)田實際(ji)種植時，問題一(yi)旦爆發，將會給(gei)農(nong)民帶來巨大(da)的(de)損失。

選“保險”種不選“新穎”種

所謂(wei)“保險”種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，就是(shi)在當地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)至少(shao)兩年(nian)(nian)表(biao)現好的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子。所謂(wei)“新穎”種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，就是(shi)在當地(di)沒有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)過(guo)，或(huo)者種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)僅(jin)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)表(biao)現好的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子。不(bu)同年(nian)(nian)份、不(bu)同區域每個地(di)方的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)條件(jian)差異很(hen)大，近幾年(nian)(nian)隨著棉(mian)花審(shen)定(ding)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)井噴(pen)，加上品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)備案制度的(de)推出，綠(lv)色通道(dao)的(de)建(jian)立，棉(mian)花新品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大爆(bao)發(fa)時代來臨，品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名目繁多，令人眼(yan)花繚亂，經(jing)銷商在選擇經(jing)銷品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時，要盡量選擇適合本地(di)氣(qi)候(hou)條件(jian)的(de)，不(bu)要跨區購買和種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)所謂(wei)的(de)新品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，以免造成不(bu)必(bi)要的(de)經(jing)濟損失(shi)。

不盲信觀摩會展示的品種

現在(zai)(zai)種子(zi)市場已進(jin)入供大于求(qiu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期，各公司為(wei)了(le)效益都(dou)講究(jiu)營(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)策(ce)略，針對種子(zi)經銷(xiao)(xiao)商采取(qu)種種眼花繚亂的(de)營(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)手段，如現場觀(guan)摩訂(ding)(ding)貨(huo)會等，需(xu)要(yao)指出(chu)的(de)是，只(zhi)要(yao)是觀(guan)摩田(tian)，那廠家的(de)準備工作一定是充分的(de)，在(zai)(zai)選(xuan)擇地塊上(shang)(shang)，施肥和管理上(shang)(shang)一定是下了(le)功夫的(de)，且具(ju)備一定的(de)通風條件，所以在(zai)(zai)觀(guan)摩田(tian)里，沒有看著(zhu)不好的(de)品種，而一旦大面積推廣種植，可能就(jiu)表現異(yi)常。另外，有些公司簽(qian)訂(ding)(ding)單的(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou)，都(dou)是選(xuan)擇能說(shuo)會道(dao)的(de)銷(xiao)(xiao)售經理，抓經銷(xiao)(xiao)商心理。因此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)選(xuan)擇品種時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)少聽忽悠，不必過早訂(ding)(ding)貨(huo)，種子(zi)集中上(shang)(shang)市的(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou)，最好貨(huo)比三家后(hou)再作出(chu)選(xuan)擇。