絲瓜苗培育：種子處理

為防止種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)帶菌，提高發(fa)芽的(de)整齊度(du)，播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)要(yao)搞好種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)處理，一是(shi)(shi)曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)(ke)促進種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)后熟(shu)，提高發(fa)芽率(lv)，一般(ban)浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之前(qian)曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2～3天；二是(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)消毒，可(ke)(ke)用10%的(de)磷酸(suan)三鈉浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)20分鐘(zhong)；三是(shi)(shi)浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)催芽，可(ke)(ke)用60℃～70℃的(de)溫(wen)水(shui)浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)10~15分鐘(zhong)。浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)要(yao)不斷攪動，當水(shui)溫(wen)下(xia)降到30℃左右時(shi)，再繼(ji)續(xu)浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)4～6小時(shi)。然后將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)撈出放在28℃～30℃的(de)條件(jian)下(xia)催芽。每(mei)天用清水(shui)沖洗1～2次，包括(kuo)包種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)用的(de)潔凈沙布。約3～4天種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)露白(bai)即可(ke)(ke)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

絲瓜苗培育：營養杯育苗

為培育(yu)壯苗，避免移栽時(shi)傷(shang)根(gen)、緩苗，給病菌侵染造成可乘之機，應(ying)采取營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)杯(bei)(bei)育(yu)苗。營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)杯(bei)(bei)選用8×10厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)規格即可。營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)土(tu)(tu)配(pei)制：可由肥(fei)(fei)沃園(yuan)土(tu)(tu)6份，充分腐熟的(de)(de)(de)糞(fen)肥(fei)(fei)4份配(pei)合(he)而成。土(tu)(tu)、肥(fei)(fei)都要過篩，此(ci)外(wai)每立方米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)土(tu)(tu)中(zhong)要加入1000~1500克(ke)三元復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)，50%多菌靈(ling)可濕性粉(fen)劑(ji)80～100克(ke)，辛硫(liu)磷50～60克(ke)。然后(hou)將營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)土(tu)(tu)充分混勻，裝入杯(bei)(bei)內(nei)。并(bing)把(ba)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)杯(bei)(bei)整齊排入已預先(xian)整好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)育(yu)苗畦內(nei)，育(yu)苗畦要支好(hao)拱條，復(fu)蓋薄膜，播(bo)種前要澆足水，播(bo)種時(shi)將種子平放在營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)杯(bei)(bei)內(nei)，每杯(bei)(bei)1～2粒(li)種子，播(bo)后(hou)立即覆(fu)1～1.2厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)細土(tu)(tu)。根(gen)據情況可設防蟲網。

絲瓜苗培育期的管理

一是(shi)溫(wen)度管理，白天保持在(zai)25℃～32℃，夜間在(zai)18℃～20℃，促使幼(you)苗快出(chu)土，一般4～6天，即(ji)可(ke)出(chu)齊(qi)苗。幼(you)苗出(chu)土后要適(shi)當(dang)降溫(wen)，白天控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)22℃~28℃左(zuo)右(you)(you)，夜間在(zai)15℃左(zuo)右(you)(you)為宜。

二是水(shui)分管理，如水(shui)分不(bu)(bu)足要(yao)(yao)適當澆水(shui)或噴灑水(shui)，注意不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)大水(shui)漫灌。三是病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)防治(zhi)，出苗(miao)50%以上，就要(yao)(yao)用(yong)大生M-45、500～600倍(bei)噴淋幼苗(miao)；也可(ke)用(yong)50%的多菌(jun)靈可(ke)濕性粉劑(ji)500倍(bei)或72.2%普力克(ke)水(shui)劑(ji)400～500倍(bei)噴霧(wu)。對于病(bing)毒病(bing)、蚜蟲(chong)(chong)、粉虱、斑潛蠅等(deng)也要(yao)(yao)及時(shi)防治(zhi)，病(bing)毒病(bing)可(ke)用(yong)病(bing)毒A或植病(bing)靈，蚜蟲(chong)(chong)等(deng)可(ke)用(yong)阿(a)維菌(jun)素類制(zhi)劑(ji)進行防治(zhi)。定植之前一般要(yao)(yao)噴藥(yao)3～4次。當苗(miao)子長出2～3片(pian)真葉，約(yue)30～35天即可(ke)定植。