通(tong)(tong)過(guo)電(dian)話、微信(xin)等(deng)形(xing)式，調研了四川、湖南、江蘇、山東、內蒙古等(deng)部分地區的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)層農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村管理部門、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)、合(he)作社、家庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場、普通(tong)(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶等(deng)主體(ti)，了解新型肺炎(yan)疫情對(dui)春節期間(jian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品生(sheng)產及(ji)供應的(de)(de)(de)影響和農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產經營主體(ti)存在的(de)(de)(de)困難，臨近春耕備(bei)播，農(nong)(nong)(nong)時不等(deng)人，就(jiu)此提出加(jia)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品供應保障和有(you)序開展春耕備(bei)播的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)舉措。

一、疫情對農業生產與供給的主要影響

（一）部(bu)(bu)分農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)和水(shui)果(guo)(guo)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)短(duan)期供(gong)(gong)求(qiu)失(shi)衡(heng)，表現(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)兩個(ge)方面：一是(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)分農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區(qu)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品滯銷(xiao)(xiao)，由于采取居家(jia)隔(ge)離的(de)措施，部(bu)(bu)分村(cun)(cun)(cun)莊設施關卡(ka)，控制非(fei)本村(cun)(cun)(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員進入(ru)，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品經紀人(ren)(ren)(ren)隊(dui)伍(wu)驟(zou)減(jian)(jian)，供(gong)(gong)應鏈不暢甚至斷(duan)裂，產(chan)(chan)品運不出(chu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)和生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)。春(chun)節(jie)(jie)期間是(shi)(shi)(shi)成都高新(xin)東(dong)區(qu)的(de)冬草莓、蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)大(da)量(liang)上(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)時節(jie)(jie)，受疫(yi)情影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)收購(gou)商減(jian)(jian)少，由于無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)收購(gou)，冬草莓地(di)頭價格(ge)由十幾元降至二(er)三元，部(bu)(bu)分草莓已(yi)(yi)熟(shu)透，再不進行銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)有(you)爛在(zai)地(di)里的(de)風險。高新(xin)區(qu)統籌城(cheng)鄉局發現(xian)(xian)(xian)問題后(hou)，對接四川紅(hong)旗連鎖超市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，2月2日當天(tian)，紅(hong)旗超市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)收購(gou)種植戶的(de)花菜(cai)(cai)4000斤(jin)(jin)、西藍花2000斤(jin)(jin)、青菜(cai)(cai)2000斤(jin)(jin)、草莓3000斤(jin)(jin)。另外，在(zai)疫(yi)情發生初(chu)期，部(bu)(bu)分存在(zai)高速封路，以(yi)及對農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品運輸車(che)輛(liang)勸(quan)返、阻攔等(deng)，也(ye)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)了農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品正常的(de)物流(liu)(liu)通道。二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由于信息(xi)不對稱(cheng)等(deng)原因，不同城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品供(gong)(gong)給狀況出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)差異。受春(chun)節(jie)(jie)期間人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)流(liu)(liu)動影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)凈流(liu)(liu)出(chu)較大(da)的(de)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)疫(yi)情影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)，春(chun)節(jie)(jie)后(hou)返程人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)大(da)量(liang)減(jian)(jian)少，出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品短(duan)期供(gong)(gong)過于求(qiu)的(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象。如北京(jing)(jing)新(xin)發地(di)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)，1月31日新(xin)發地(di)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)上(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)量(liang)已(yi)(yi)達(da)1.8萬噸，接近正常供(gong)(gong)應量(liang)2萬噸，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)京(jing)(jing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)減(jian)(jian)少，返京(jing)(jing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)增量(liang)比往年大(da)大(da)減(jian)(jian)少，市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)上(shang)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)量(liang)猛增，采購(gou)量(liang)減(jian)(jian)少，蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)價格(ge)大(da)幅下(xia)降，果(guo)(guo)品更(geng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)量(liang)滯銷(xiao)(xiao)，商戶虧損(sun)嚴重。而(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)凈流(liu)(liu)入(ru)的(de)二(er)三線(xian)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)更(geng)多的(de)任務是(shi)(shi)(shi)保障“菜(cai)(cai)籃(lan)子”供(gong)(gong)給。

（二）畜(chu)禽(qin)(qin)(qin)養殖(zhi)業損(sun)失較重，尤其是(shi)(shi)禽(qin)(qin)(qin)類養殖(zhi)。主要原因(yin)有：一是(shi)(shi)活禽(qin)(qin)(qin)市場(chang)(chang)關閉，消費量(liang)大(da)量(liang)減少(shao)，蛋雞(ji)、肉雞(ji)市場(chang)(chang)行(xing)情大(da)幅下(xia)滑(hua)，養殖(zhi)企業損(sun)失較大(da)。四川(chuan)巨(ju)星農牧股(gu)份有限公司反映，由(you)于(yu)肉雞(ji)無(wu)處(chu)可賣，目前(qian)已(yi)處(chu)理雞(ji)苗(miao)五十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan)苗(miao)、四十(shi)(shi)天(tian)左(zuo)右雞(ji)只(zhi)二十(shi)(shi)五萬(wan)(wan)只(zhi)、種蛋做(zuo)商品蛋六十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan)枚等。二是(shi)(shi)受(shou)交通運輸(shu)、檢驗檢疫、需求下(xia)滑(hua)等影(ying)響，雞(ji)苗(miao)銷售受(shou)阻，造成大(da)量(liang)倒苗(miao)。鐵騎力士集團反映，已(yi)報廢大(da)量(liang)雞(ji)苗(miao)，經濟損(sun)失約1500萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)。此外(wai)，由(you)于(yu)運輸(shu)不暢，有些地方禁止禽(qin)(qin)(qin)苗(miao)運輸(shu)，蛋雞(ji)場(chang)(chang)、種雞(ji)場(chang)(chang)無(wu)法正常進種，空(kong)場(chang)(chang)損(sun)失加(jia)大(da)。三是(shi)(shi)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)廠停工停產，影(ying)響豬(zhu)(zhu)、雞(ji)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)供應。位于(yu)四川(chuan)眉(mei)山的(de)巨(ju)星彭山永祥飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)廠，負責(ze)巨(ju)星農牧有限公司2萬(wan)(wan)頭種豬(zhu)(zhu)、6萬(wan)(wan)頭商品豬(zhu)(zhu)、270萬(wan)(wan)羽雞(ji)所需飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產，日(ri)需飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)500噸左(zuo)右，自1月23日(ri)被要求停產以來，公司庫存的(de)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)已(yi)消耗殆盡(jin)，有多個(ge)豬(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)(chang)都已(yi)實行(xing)減料(liao)(liao)(liao)喂養，有部(bu)分被迫提前(qian)出欄，如果(guo)再不能正常開(kai)工生(sheng)(sheng)產，將會出現(xian)豬(zhu)(zhu)、雞(ji)斷(duan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。

（三）部分(fen)地區(qu)(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資供(gong)應不(bu)(bu)(bu)暢(chang)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)力組(zu)織(zhi)困難，存在(zai)耽誤農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)時的(de)可能。一是受交(jiao)通運輸，物流等因素影響(xiang)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資供(gong)應出(chu)(chu)現(xian)運難、賣難現(xian)象。山東省莒南縣(xian)昊(hao)睿(rui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)機合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)孫開強介(jie)紹，今年合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)根(gen)據土豆訂(ding)單情(qing)(qing)況，計劃種(zhong)植2000畝(mu)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)物流原因，從外(wai)地采購(gou)的(de)土豆種(zhong)遲遲不(bu)(bu)(bu)到，估計要延遲下(xia)種(zhong)半個月(yue)左(zuo)右(you)。內蒙古敖漢旗(qi)家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)主盧瑞(rui)香反(fan)(fan)映，讓(rang)她最著急(ji)的(de)是，由(you)于(yu)(yu)村(cun)(cun)封了，快遞停了，私家(jia)車不(bu)(bu)(bu)讓(rang)上(shang)路，外(wai)地客戶(hu)訂(ding)購(gou)的(de)雜糧種(zhong)子運不(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)去(qu)，她還(huan)擔心今年的(de)種(zhong)子賣不(bu)(bu)(bu)完。江(jiang)蘇(su)(su)長江(jiang)果品(pin)產業研(yan)究院有(you)限公司總(zong)經理(li)陶濤(tao)介(jie)紹，春節后(hou)是江(jiang)蘇(su)(su)地區(qu)(qu)大田作(zuo)(zuo)物除草高峰(feng)期，由(you)于(yu)(yu)很多村(cun)(cun)的(de)路都封了，對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資供(gong)給及農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資企(qi)業的(de)產品(pin)宣(xuan)傳有(you)一定影響(xiang)。二是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)防(fang)(fang)疫物資缺(que)乏(fa)，尤(you)其是口罩、消毒(du)水等，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)對(dui)疫情(qing)(qing)有(you)畏懼(ju)情(qing)(qing)緒，沒(mei)有(you)口罩等防(fang)(fang)護下(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)出(chu)(chu)門(men)，加之(zhi)村(cun)(cun)、社(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)鼓勵農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)居(ju)家(jia)隔離(li)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)力組(zu)織(zhi)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)困難，可能影響(xiang)春耕的(de)正常開展。孫開強擔心，如果疫情(qing)(qing)繼續，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)力組(zu)織(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起來，合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)的(de)花(hua)生、紅薯育苗將會受到影響(xiang)。內蒙古赤峰(feng)惠(hui)萍雜糧合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)王月(yue)梅反(fan)(fan)映，當地小麥馬上(shang)進入(ru)播種(zhong)時節，但由(you)于(yu)(yu)疫情(qing)(qing)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)讓(rang)出(chu)(chu)門(men)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資還(huan)沒(mei)有(you)準備，許多農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)存在(zai)急(ji)躁(zao)情(qing)(qing)緒。

二、對策建議

當前，農村地區在做好防(fang)疫(yi)的同時，一方(fang)面糾正一些不當的防(fang)控(kong)措施(shi)，二(er)是適時根據疫(yi)情(qing)防(fang)控(kong)情(qing)況，引導農業(ye)經營主體(ti)恢復農業(ye)生產，保證農產品供給，開展春耕(geng)備(bei)播(bo)。主要(yao)建議(yi)如下：

一是糾正違(wei)法攔(lan)截(jie)封堵行為。加(jia)(jia)強政策宣傳和執行力度，地(di)方(fang)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村、交通(tong)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)等部門加(jia)(jia)強管理和督查，對攔(lan)截(jie)仔畜雛禽及種畜禽運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)車輛(liang)、飼料運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)車輛(liang)、畜產品運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)車輛(liang)、封村斷路等行為，堅決予以糾正，保證農(nong)(nong)資、農(nong)(nong)產品的順利運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)。把農(nong)(nong)產品運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)車輛(liang)納入(ru)生活必需品運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)保障范圍，享受優先通(tong)行的政策。

二是引導飼(si)料、農資、農產(chan)(chan)品加(jia)工(gong)企業(ye)復工(gong)復產(chan)(chan)。地方(fang)管理部門在(zai)協(xie)助企業(ye)做好(hao)疫情防控的(de)同時(shi)，防止(zhi)在(zai)企業(ye)復工(gong)時(shi)間上一刀(dao)切，為農業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)開展(zhan)、農產(chan)(chan)品供應加(jia)強保障。

三是加強農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)防(fang)疫(yi)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)供(gong)應(ying)。當前農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的口(kou)罩(zhao)、消(xiao)毒水等(deng)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)極度缺乏，在優(you)先供(gong)應(ying)重點地區(qu)防(fang)疫(yi)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)的基礎(chu)上，逐步(bu)向農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)傾斜，隨著(zhu)春耕的到來，廣(guang)大農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)地區(qu)逐漸恢復生(sheng)產，要加強防(fang)疫(yi)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)供(gong)應(ying)，這有利于農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)勞動力組織，解(jie)除農(nong)(nong)民的后顧之憂。

四(si)是盡快恢復農產(chan)品(pin)購銷(xiao)體系(xi)。穩(wen)定經(jing)紀人隊伍(wu)，構(gou)建供(gong)銷(xiao)數字大平臺等產(chan)品(pin)供(gong)銷(xiao)體系(xi)，有效解決(jue)信(xin)息(xi)不對(dui)稱問題。相關(guan)部門加(jia)強(qiang)與超市、醫院、政府機(ji)(ji)關(guan)等機(ji)(ji)構(gou)對(dui)接，疏通農產(chan)品(pin)銷(xiao)售渠道(dao)。

五(wu)是(shi)解決(jue)農(nong)業(ye)企業(ye)的(de)現實困難。對因疫情嚴重受損的(de)農(nong)業(ye)企業(ye)，特別是(shi)畜禽養殖業(ye)，各地要加強(qiang)研究出臺支(zhi)持政策，在(zai)金融支(zhi)持、穩定(ding)用工、減(jian)輕企業(ye)負擔等方面給予(yu)一定(ding)優惠。