我國休閑農業現狀

我(wo)國休(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農業經(jing)歷了(le)(le)40多(duo)年的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，各地(di)休(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農業與鄉村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)正在風生水起(qi)。中商產業研究院數據顯示：2017年中國鄉村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)接(jie)待(dai)游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)28億人次(ci)，占國內(nei)游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)接(jie)待(dai)人次(ci)的56%；營業總收(shou)入超7400億元，占國內(nei)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)總收(shou)入的16.2%。截至2018年8月(yue)，全國休(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農業和鄉村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)示范(fan)縣(市/區(qu))共388個、中國美麗(li)休(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)鄉村560個。全國休(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農業總體態勢良(liang)好，主體多(duo)元化、機制新型(xing)、功能(neng)及(ji)類型(xing)多(duo)樣化，休(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農業成為(wei)經(jing)濟社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的新業態亮點。就地(di)區(qu)分布而言(yan)東部沿海地(di)區(qu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)得更快(kuai)；從不同省(sheng)(sheng)份的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)現狀來(lai)看，目前(qian)浙江、北(bei)京(jing)(jing)、上海、四(si)(si)川等(deng)大城市周(zhou)圍(wei)地(di)區(qu)已成為(wei)休(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農業的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)重鎮(zhen)。北(bei)京(jing)(jing)、上海對(dui)休(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農業及(ji)鄉村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)顯現了(le)(le)強勁(jing)的消費潛力，浙江及(ji)四(si)(si)川兩省(sheng)(sheng)表(biao)現也非同凡響。但總體上皆因服務人員素質不高，服務規范(fan)欠缺，基(ji)礎設(she)施不足等(deng)因素，影(ying)響了(le)(le)休(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農業及(ji)鄉村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)的持續提升發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。

休閑農業積極作用

隨著近(jin)幾年(nian)人們(men)生活方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)消費觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)，對(dui)于(yu)休(xiu)(xiu)閑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)知度和(he)(he)關(guan)注度不斷增(zeng)加(jia)，人們(men)追(zhui)求(qiu)休(xiu)(xiu)閑方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多樣性，關(guan)注身(shen)心(xin)愉悅(yue)及(ji)親近(jin)大自然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)也(ye)日益增(zeng)加(jia)。休(xiu)(xiu)閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是利用農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)景(jing)觀(guan)資源環(huan)境(jing)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)場(chang)(chang)景(jing)條(tiao)件，發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)觀(guan)光、休(xiu)(xiu)閑旅(lv)游(you)(you)及(ji)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)旅(lv)居的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)經營形態。其(qi)是深度開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資源潛力，增(zeng)加(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民收(shou)入(ru)，輔(fu)助城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化，促進(jin)(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)一(yi)體化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種新型現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)。休(xiu)(xiu)閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)旅(lv)游(you)(you)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有機(ji)結合(he)，是第一(yi)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)第三(san)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協調(diao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)而衍生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第二產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，也(ye)是鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)旅(lv)游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要內容。從(cong)(cong)最(zui)初(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無規模無組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自行(xing)(xing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，到(dao)現(xian)今形成(cheng)了(le)(le)規模化、集(ji)約化、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化及(ji)特色化，其(qi)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)多樣。其(qi)包(bao)含元素較多，有鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)自然環(huan)境(jing)、鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)景(jing)觀(guan)、鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建筑、鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)化與(yu)風俗、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)景(jing)觀(guan)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)生活等龐大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“三(san)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”資源，還(huan)在不斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迭代更(geng)新中。休(xiu)(xiu)閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)連結著城(cheng)(cheng)市與(yu)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)休(xiu)(xiu)閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)系(xi)促進(jin)(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)一(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要手段。休(xiu)(xiu)閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極作用可以從(cong)(cong)四(si)個方(fang)(fang)面進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)探討：首先，從(cong)(cong)國家層面來論(lun)，休(xiu)(xiu)閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁榮(rong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有利于(yu)國家GDP的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)長，縮小城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)差距，提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幸福指數(shu)；其(qi)次，從(cong)(cong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度來論(lun)，休(xiu)(xiu)閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)入(ru)得(de)到(dao)增(zeng)加(jia)，生活水(shui)平得(de)到(dao)提(ti)升(sheng)，改(gai)(gai)變(bian)了(le)(le)面朝黃(huang)土(tu)背朝天的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)；再次，從(cong)(cong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)本身(shen)來論(lun):休(xiu)(xiu)閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)保(bao)(bao)留(liu)了(le)(le)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耕作方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)耕文(wen)化得(de)到(dao)保(bao)(bao)留(liu)和(he)(he)傳承，同時又改(gai)(gai)變(bian)了(le)(le)傳統(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)一(yi)個不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)領域和(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)(fang)向；最(zui)后，休(xiu)(xiu)閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)居民提(ti)供鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)休(xiu)(xiu)閑旅(lv)游(you)(you)及(ji)參與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)事活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)(chang)地(di)。總之(zhi)，休(xiu)(xiu)閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)兼(jian)有生產(chan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、休(xiu)(xiu)閑功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、經濟功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、社會功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、生態功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、教育功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、康養等多種功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。

休閑農業如何做

做休閑農業首先(xian)是要合(he)規(gui)合(he)法(fa)利用土地資(zi)源(yuan)及農業資(zi)源(yuan)，其具體(ti)做法(fa)主(zhu)要考慮以下幾個(ge)方面：

（1）要(yao)(yao)從市場需(xu)求(qiu)做(zuo)好經營(ying)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)。休閑(xian)農業(ye)是精品(pin)農業(ye)，又是時尚產業(ye)，不是一般的(de)(de)普通農業(ye)，其要(yao)(yao)有(you)吸引人(ren)的(de)(de)亮點，要(yao)(yao)符合(he)休閑(xian)市場的(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)，經營(ying)內容要(yao)(yao)多(duo)樣化(hua)，既要(yao)(yao)有(you)時鮮(xian)的(de)(de)消費(fei)(fei)產品(pin)，又要(yao)(yao)有(you)能休閑(xian)體驗的(de)(de)產品(pin)，兩者要(yao)(yao)緊密結合(he)，符合(he)消息(xi)者追求(qiu)新(xin)奇的(de)(de)特性。休閑(xian)農業(ye)園(yuan)區的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)與(yu)現代經營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理(li)接軌。早期(qi)的(de)(de)休閑(xian)農業(ye)園(yuan)區管(guan)(guan)理(li)落后，均(jun)為(wei)人(ren)工化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，而現代休閑(xian)業(ye)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)均(jun)為(wei)網絡化(hua)的(de)(de)一站式服務，從票務的(de)(de)預訂(ding)到費(fei)(fei)用支付及消費(fei)(fei)者信息(xi)反饋等(deng)，均(jun)需(xu)采用現代化(hua)的(de)(de)便捷的(de)(de)方(fang)式。只有(you)管(guan)(guan)理(li)上(shang)了臺階(jie)，才能有(you)更好的(de)(de)效益。

（2）要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)創(chuang)新開發思維。休閑(xian)農業(ye)要(yao)(yao)圍繞“鄉、野(ye)、奇、特、優(you)、精(jing)”做文章。鄉，就是要(yao)(yao)以鄉土(tu)氣(qi)息為(wei)主題，不要(yao)(yao)溶入太多的(de)(de)城(cheng)市風味；野(ye)，就是要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)鄉村曠野(ye)感，不能搞(gao)的(de)(de)過于現(xian)代(dai)教條化的(de)(de)建設；奇，必(bi)須有(you)(you)奇特的(de)(de)東西(xi)(xi)吸引人(ren)，從體驗、吃、玩等方面出(chu)奇；特，就是要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)與別(bie)人(ren)不同的(de)(de)東西(xi)(xi)，一個休閑(xian)農業(ye)產品(pin)必(bi)須有(you)(you)自己唯一的(de)(de)獨(du)特亮點；俗，就是要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)農村民俗風味；優(you)，就是要(yao)(yao)環境優(you)越及優(you)質的(de)(de)服務；精(jing)，就是種養殖產品(pin)要(yao)(yao)精(jing)，服務也(ye)要(yao)(yao)精(jing)細。

（3）完善基礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)，衛生(sheng)(sheng)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)達標。休(xiu)閑(xian)農業園(yuan)區除(chu)了(le)基本生(sheng)(sheng)產活動(dong)外，重要的(de)內容(rong)是接(jie)待，讓(rang)消費者能在園(yuan)區內休(xiu)閑(xian)消費并(bing)有(you)愉悅感(gan)體驗感(gan)，這就需要有(you)較(jiao)好的(de)接(jie)待設(she)施(shi)(shi)，如(ru)飯店或(huo)休(xiu)閑(xian)小屋。休(xiu)閑(xian)接(jie)待業有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)衛生(sheng)(sheng)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)要求，環(huan)(huan)境(jing)舒適(shi)，休(xiu)閑(xian)消費者才有(you)較(jiao)好的(de)心(xin)理感(gan)受，才能產生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)有(you)所值的(de)消費快感(gan)及滿(man)足感(gan)。

（4）產(chan)品更新升級。一(yi)些城郊型的(de)(de)農(nong)家樂式的(de)(de)休閑農(nong)業(ye)園已經跟(gen)不上消費者的(de)(de)心理預期(qi)，普通(tong)表現為同質化，低檔化。休閑農(nong)業(ye)產(chan)品及接待服(fu)務等方面都需(xu)要升級換代。新的(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)園區項目(mu)須從(cong)高起(qi)點高標準起(qi)步才能滿足市(shi)場需(xu)求(qiu)。

（5）注重傳(chuan)統(tong)農(nong)耕文(wen)化(hua)提升。休(xiu)(xiu)閑產業(ye)同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)是(shi)一種文(wen)化(hua)產業(ye)，休(xiu)(xiu)閑農(nong)業(ye)也(ye)需溶入傳(chuan)統(tong)農(nong)耕文(wen)化(hua)元素，目前農(nong)耕文(wen)化(hua)均(jun)以展覽陳列(lie)式為(wei)主(zhu)，難有參(can)與體驗感。活(huo)化(hua)傳(chuan)統(tong)農(nong)耕文(wen)化(hua)，真正豐(feng)富休(xiu)(xiu)閑內(nei)容與情趣是(shi)休(xiu)(xiu)閑農(nong)業(ye)的(de)關(guan)鍵。

（6）園(yuan)區(qu)要(yao)有(you)專業(ye)(ye)規(gui)劃。休(xiu)閑(xian)農業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)既要(yao)有(you)農業(ye)(ye)特色，又要(yao)有(you)休(xiu)閑(xian)特色。其是一種綜合服(fu)務產業(ye)(ye)，必須有(you)精心(xin)的設計與規(gui)劃。要(yao)有(you)吸引消費者的時尚項目，還要(yao)有(you)長遠的發展(zhan)安排(pai)。

（7）休閑農業與鄉村旅游必(bi)須圍(wei)繞(rao)旅游要素開展服務。要“吃(chi)”農家茶飯，“住”民(min)(min)(min)居村宿，“行”綠色(se)鄉道，“游”田間(jian)河溪溝谷風(feng)光，“購(gou)”當地特色(se)農產品(pin)，“娛”鄉村民(min)(min)(min)俗(su)節(jie)慶，“賞(shang)”鄉村美景美物，“聞”鄉村民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)曲調，“學”民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)傳統手藝，“過”鄉村生(sheng)活。