近年來，隨著農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安全監(jian)管力(li)度和控制措(cuo)施的(de)加強(qiang)，我國農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)中(zhong)的(de)農(nong)藥殘留(liu)污染問(wen)題總體處于可控狀態，監(jian)測合格率已達96%以上。然(ran)而，消(xiao)費者總是心存疑慮，甚至產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)許多誤解(jie)，需要加強(qiang)科普宣傳，正(zheng)確(que)引導。

我國農藥殘留問題發展態勢向好

農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘留是影響農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)全的重(zhong)要因素之一。我國新(xin)修訂(ding)的《食品(pin)安(an)全法》和《農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)管理條例》都要求禁止將劇毒、高(gao)毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)用于果蔬(shu)(shu)茶和中草藥(yao)材(cai)等作物，并對(dui)違(wei)法使(shi)用作出了(le)相(xiang)關處(chu)罰規定。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部近日公布的農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)全執(zhi)法監管九大典(dian)型案例，其中有兩例就是因將高(gao)毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)違(wei)法用于蔬(shu)(shu)菜生產(chan)而受到查處(chu)和判刑(xing)的。

在(zai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)范(fan)體系(xi)方(fang)面，我國(guo)(guo)對農(nong)(nong)藥殘留問題(ti)也(ye)進行了(le)嚴格規(gui)范(fan)。目前我國(guo)(guo)已有農(nong)(nong)業標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)（包括(kuo)國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)行業標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)）近萬項。今年6月18日開始實施的(de)新版GB2763《食(shi)品安(an)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)食(shi)品中農(nong)(nong)藥最大殘留限量(liang)》規(gui)定了(le)4140項農(nong)(nong)藥殘留限量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，涉(she)及433種農(nong)(nong)藥。

近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)，我國農產品(pin)(pin)農藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留問題(ti)一直保持向好發(fa)展的趨(qu)勢，不僅合格率(lv)大幅上(shang)升，而且(qie)污染(ran)檢出(chu)值大大下降。如2016年(nian)(nian)全(quan)國蔬(shu)菜農藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留監測(ce)總體合格率(lv)達到96.8%，比15年(nian)(nian)前提高了30個百分(fen)點(dian)以上(shang)，并且(qie)已很少發(fa)現農藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留檢出(chu)值高于1mg/kg的樣品(pin)(pin)。同時(shi)，因農藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留超標而造成的農產品(pin)(pin)出(chu)口受(shou)阻(zu)現象大為(wei)減少，急性中毒事故更是很少發(fa)生。

農藥殘留問題首先需從生產環節抓起

農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)安全，既(ji)是“管(guan)”出(chu)來(lai)(lai)的(de)，但(dan)根本(ben)的(de)還是“產(chan)(chan)”出(chu)來(lai)(lai)的(de)，所以，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)中的(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘留控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，首先必須從生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環節抓起。近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai)，有(you)(you)一定規模的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)主體越來(lai)(lai)越重視農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)標(biao)準化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和全程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)理念(nian)也(ye)已逐漸從單純依賴最終(zhong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)檢測(ce)轉變(bian)為(wei)(wei)以生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主。同時，通過(guo)科(ke)技(ji)創新(xin)和綜合配套，各種(zhong)安全生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)得(de)以推廣應(ying)用，既(ji)有(you)(you)高(gao)溫(wen)悶棚(peng)、防(fang)蟲網、殺蟲燈、色誘板、捕食(shi)螨等物理和生(sheng)物防(fang)治方(fang)法(fa)，也(ye)有(you)(you)高(gao)效低毒低殘留農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)和新(xin)劑(ji)型及施藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)新(xin)方(fang)法(fa)，大(da)大(da)減(jian)少了農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)使用。2015年(nian)(nian)農(nong)(nong)業部啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、化肥(fei)(fei)使用量(liang)零(ling)增長行動(dong)計劃(hua)，要求(qiu)到2020年(nian)(nian)力爭(zheng)實現農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、化肥(fei)(fei)使用量(liang)零(ling)增長；去(qu)年(nian)(nian)科(ke)技(ji)部啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)“農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、化肥(fei)(fei)減(jian)施增效綜合技(ji)術(shu)研發”重大(da)科(ke)技(ji)專(zhuan)項，計劃(hua)到2025年(nian)(nian)在保證主要農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物穩(wen)產(chan)(chan)的(de)基(ji)礎上，農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和化肥(fei)(fei)分別減(jian)施30%和20%。

生(sheng)產(chan)環節農藥(yao)殘留控制的(de)結果，不(bu)僅確保(bao)了農產(chan)品質量安全，而且使(shi)得(de)農產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)者取(qu)得(de)了較(jiao)大的(de)效益。如浙江黃巖農民采用“一(yi)品一(yi)策”技術生(sheng)產(chan)出“羅(luo)(luo)縵(man)”楊梅(mei)，農藥(yao)使(shi)用次數從(cong)4次減為1次，產(chan)值增(zeng)加3倍(bei)，每斤“羅(luo)(luo)縵(man)”楊梅(mei)價(jia)格達到40元以上。

只要農殘不超標，消費者可放心食用

農(nong)(nong)產品質量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)全是全球性(xing)(xing)長期存(cun)在的(de)(de)問題(ti)，并且隨(sui)著生活質量(liang)(liang)要求(qiu)的(de)(de)提高(gao)，愈發受(shou)到關注(zhu)。由(you)于個別生產者(zhe)違法(fa)違規或(huo)(huo)濫用農(nong)(nong)藥等農(nong)(nong)業(ye)投入品等造成的(de)(de)偶(ou)發性(xing)(xing)事件，加上部分媒(mei)體(ti)對(dui)偶(ou)發性(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)非真正農(nong)(nong)產品質量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)全問題(ti)的(de)(de)不客觀報道甚(shen)至(zhi)炒(chao)作，消費者(zhe)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)產品質量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)全普遍存(cun)在著不信(xin)任或(huo)(huo)憂慮的(de)(de)現象(xiang)，有時(shi)甚(shen)至(zhi)引起(qi)不必要的(de)(de)消費恐(kong)慌。

實際上(shang)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)仍然是(shi)(shi)(shi)目前(qian)乃至今(jin)后都不(bu)可(ke)缺(que)少的(de)(de)主要農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)投入品(pin)，發達國家也是(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)此，不(bu)用農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)就(jiu)不(bu)能保證糧(liang)食(shi)安全和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)有(you)效供給，即(ji)使是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)機農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以允許使用生(sheng)(sheng)物農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)礦物農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)。同(tong)時，近二十多年來，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)向綠色(se)、高效、低(di)(di)(di)毒和(he)(he)低(di)(di)(di)殘留(liu)方向發展(zhan)已取得了(le)很大成(cheng)效，目前(qian)使用的(de)(de)多數農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)毒性(xing)都很低(di)(di)(di)，特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)除(chu)草劑、植物和(he)(he)昆蟲(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)長調節劑類(lei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，如(ru)膨(peng)大劑氯吡脲的(de)(de)毒性(xing)甚至低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)食(shi)鹽。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)使用后在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檢(jian)出殘留(liu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)正常的(de)(de)，只要農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)殘留(liu)不(bu)超(chao)標(biao)，消費者就(jiu)可(ke)以放心(xin)食(shi)用。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)殘留(liu)超(chao)標(biao)或(huo)不(bu)合格的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)得銷售的(de)(de)，但也不(bu)一定是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)毒食(shi)品(pin)，只有(you)超(chao)標(biao)到一定程度(du)才有(you)可(ke)能危害人體健康，就(jiu)如(ru)我們吃了(le)剛過(guo)期(qi)的(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)往往也不(bu)用過(guo)分擔(dan)心(xin)一樣。所以，我們對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)殘留(liu)問題應理性(xing)對(dui)待，大可(ke)不(bu)必(bi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)恐慌心(xin)理。