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惡(e)苗(miao)病(bing)從(cong)(cong)紅(hong)米(mi)苗(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)至抽穗期(qi)(qi)(qi)均會發生(sheng)，以分(fen)蘗期(qi)(qi)(qi)發生(sheng)最(zui)多，種(zhong)子帶(dai)菌是主要的侵(qin)染源，其(qi)次是病(bing)稻(dao)(dao)草。播種(zhong)帶(dai)菌稻(dao)(dao)種(zhong)或用有(you)病(bing)的稻(dao)(dao)草覆蓋，當稻(dao)(dao)種(zhong)萌發時，病(bing)菌從(cong)(cong)芽鞘侵(qin)入(ru)(ru)引起發病(bing)。雖然惡(e)苗(miao)病(bing)能引起再侵(qin)染，但(dan)病(bing)菌主要在前期(qi)(qi)(qi)即(ji)紅(hong)米(mi)芽鞘期(qi)(qi)(qi)侵(qin)入(ru)(ru)，以后侵(qin)染健(jian)康植(zhi)株引起稻(dao)(dao)苗(miao)發病(bing)的可(ke)能性很小。
紅(hong)米惡苗病(bing)(bing)(bing)主要(yao)由(you)(you)種(zhong)子帶菌(jun)(jun)引起，土(tu)壤(rang)不帶菌(jun)(jun)，不需要(yao)對病(bing)(bing)(bing)田土(tu)壤(rang)進行藥劑處理。在(zai)播種(zhong)前用藥處理種(zhong)子是防治(zhi)該病(bing)(bing)(bing)最有(you)(you)效的措(cuo)施。目前登(deng)記(ji)用于(yu)浸(jin)種(zhong)防治(zhi)惡苗病(bing)(bing)(bing)的藥主要(yao)有(you)(you)咪鮮(xian)胺、二(er)硫(liu)氰基甲(jia)烷（浸(jin)種(zhong)靈）、氰烯菌(jun)(jun)酯(zhi)、多(duo)·福(fu)(fu)、多(duo)·咪·福(fu)(fu)美雙等，其中以咪鮮(xian)胺、二(er)硫(liu)氰基甲(jia)烷及其混配劑最常用。由(you)(you)于(yu)多(duo)年使用以多(duo)菌(jun)(jun)靈為代表的苯(ben)駢咪唑類(lei)(lei)殺(sha)菌(jun)(jun)劑及其混配劑，導致紅(hong)米惡苗病(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)菌(jun)(jun)對這類(lei)(lei)藥產生(sheng)了(le)較(jiao)高的抗(kang)藥性，同類(lei)(lei)藥劑咪鮮(xian)胺也存在(zai)潛在(zai)的抗(kang)藥性風險。近年來，江蘇省農藥研(yan)究所股份有(you)(you)限公(gong)司研(yan)發的25%氰烯菌(jun)(jun)酯(zhi)懸浮劑登(deng)記(ji)用于(yu)防治(zhi)紅(hong)米惡苗病(bing)(bing)(bing)，推(tui)薦的浸(jin)種(zhong)濃度為83.3～125毫克(ke)/升。該藥對紅(hong)米惡苗病(bing)(bing)(bing)有(you)(you)良好(hao)防效，能有(you)(you)效殺(sha)滅已對多(duo)菌(jun)(jun)靈等苯(ben)駢咪唑類(lei)(lei)藥產生(sheng)抗(kang)藥性的紅(hong)米惡苗病(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)菌(jun)(jun)。
生(sheng)產上(shang)應(ying)先曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1～3天，選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后開始浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。一(yi)般正常溫度(du)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)48小時(shi)，溫度(du)偏低(di)時(shi)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)60小時(shi)。對育機插秧(yang)的紅米(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)或易感(gan)病品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)，應(ying)適當提高濃度(du)。降低(di)溫度(du)催(cui)(cui)芽或浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不催(cui)(cui)芽播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，能在一(yi)定程度(du)上(shang)減(jian)輕紅米(mi)惡(e)苗病發(fa)生(sheng)。不用病稻(dao)(dao)草作種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)催(cui)(cui)芽時(shi)的覆蓋物(wu)，集中高溫堆(dui)漚或燒毀(hui)病稻(dao)(dao)草，可以減(jian)少(shao)紅米(mi)惡(e)苗病菌源。
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